2014 ~ Material For US

Thursday 14 August 2014

IELTS MATERIAL-9

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Candidates with specific learning difficulties (e.g. dyslexia) If candidates have dyslexia or another specific learning difficulty, they may need extra time to complete one or more of the tests.

This might be necessary if, for example, it takes candidates along time to read the questions or write their answers. They may normally apply for up to 30 minutes’ extra time forcompletion of the Reading and Writing tests.Candidates with specific learning difficulties may also apply towrite their answers using a typewriter or word processor, if theynormally write this way.If permission is given for them to use a word processor, it mustnot have an active spellcheck or thesaurus facility.Please note that the IELTS Administrator may not be able to provide facilities for wordprocessing (including the use ofcomputers or software). Candidates should discuss their needswith their IELTS Administrator.What if a candidate becomes ill during the test?

If a candidate is genuinely ill during the test, it should bebrought to the attention of the test supervisor. It is not possible togive special consideration to candidates who do not report theirillness on the day of the test.

Other DifficultiesWhat happens if a candidate wants to postpone or canceltheir entry?A candidate who requests a postponement or cancellation of their test within five weeks of the test date will normally be

charged the full fee unless they are able to provide appropriatemedical evidence to support their request. Medical evidencemust be provided no later than five days after the test date.What happens if a candidate is absent on the day of the testwithout giving prior notice? The candidate will normally lose their full test fee unless they are able to provide appropriate medical evidence to the centre to explain their absence. Medical evidence must be provided nolater than five days after the test dateIELTS is backed by an extensive programme of research,validation and test development which underpins the quality of the test.

IELTS test material is developed by Cambridge ESOL using thefollowing stages:

• Commissioning

• Editing

• Pretesting

• Analysis and banking of material

• Standards Fixing

• Question paper construction

to be suitable are banked. Before the final question papers areselected, the banked material is compiled into Trial Papers.These are either a 30-minute Listening test or a 60-minuteReading test. A procedure known as Standards Fixing is then applied in which the Trial Papers are administered to epresentativeIELTScandidates and the results analysed in order to allow accurateBand Score conversion tables to be constructed. StandardsFixing is necessary to ensure the equivalence of Listening and Reading versions and the reliability of the measurement of each paper.In addition to this routine of test development and validation,

the IELTS Test Partners carry out academic research to supportthe tests and sponsor external researchers. Details of thisresearch are given on the IELTS website.

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Candidates are required to transfer their answers to an answer sheet for the Listening, Academic Reading and General Training Reading tests. The answer sheet is double sided; one side for Listening and the other side for Reading. During the Listening test candidates write their answers on the question paper as

they listen and at the end of the test are given 10 minutes to transfer the answers to the answer sheet. In the Reading test candidates are required to write their answers on the answer sheet during the time allowed for the test. No extra time is allowed for transfer. After marking at the centre all answer sheets are returned to Cambridge ESOL for analysis. What help is available? Test centres make every effort to cater for candidates with special needs, to enable them to best understand questions and tasks and to give their answers. It is our aim for the language level of all candidates to be assessed fairly and objectively. If a candidate requires a modified version of the test, e.g. Braille, they must give the test centre three months’ notice. This notice

period is necessary for the modified test version to be prepared. If a candidate’s circumstances require special administrative arrangements only to be made, e.g. extra time, they must give the test centre six weeks’ notice. Full details of these arrangements are given on the IELTS website www.ielts.org Candidates with visual difficulties Candidates with visual difficulties may apply for a range of provisions, including enlarged print, and Brailled question papers. Answers may be recorded in a variety of ways, e.g. via an amanuensis, or using a Braille machine or word processor, and extra time may be allowed.

A version of the Listening test is also available for candidates with visual difficulties.

Candidates with hearing difficulties If candidates suffer from partial hearing loss and can hear with

the help of headphones or special amplification equipment they may ask for permission to use this type of equipment when taking the Listening test. A lip-reading version of the Listening test is also available in

which the supervisor reads the listening texts to the candidate. If candidates have severe hearing difficulties and the special arrangements described above are not sufficient, for example if they are unable to lip-read, they then can apply for exemption from the Speaking and/or Listening tests. In this case, their Test

Report Form will have the following statement printed on it: ‘Due to extreme speaking and/or hearing difficulties this candidate was exempt from taking the Speaking and/or Listening tests and the Overall Band Score reflects this.’ The Overall Band Score will not include any credit for skills that the candidate has not been able to demonstrate through being granted an exemption. Note: Candidates must apply for exemption before taking the IELTS test.

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Fill in the application form and send it or take it to the test center with the test fee and two recent identical

passport-sized photographs (not more than six months old). You need some evidence of identity. This must

be a passport or a National Identity Card with a number, photograph, date of birth and signature. The

document must be valid, not expired at registration nor on the test day.Candidates taking the test outside their own country must present a passport. Candidates must enter the number of their passport or identity card on the application form. A copy of the identity document is to be attached to the application form. Only when all registration procedures are fully completed will the application be processed. You must bring the ID document indicated on the application form to the test. This is the only form of identity that will be accepted on the test day The identity of all candidates will be checked on test day. Photographs of candidates may be taken on the test day. Each candidate must have the same evidence of identity as the number entered on the

application form. No other forms of identification are acceptable. Candidates also need pencils and pens,

a pencil sharpener, and an eraser. Candidates must not take into the test room any bags, books, papers,

cameras, mobile phones, recording devices, pagers or any other devices, electronic or not. Candidates are met by an IELTS Administrator who checks identification and makes sure candidates know where and when to go for the test. Candidates are assigned a place which they must keep for the Listening, Reading and Writing tests. Candidates are not allowed to leave the test room during any test. All answers are entered on the answer sheets provided. Candidates can write on the question papers but cannot take them out of the room. The Speaking test is recorded. Candidates found cheating, copying the work of another candidate, srupting the test, or removing or attempting to remove or copy any test materials from the examination room will not receive a result and may be liable to prosecution.

CONFIRMATION

Test centre informs candidate of date and time of test in writing. If the Speaking test is to be on a different

day, candidate is informed about this now.

ENQUIRY

Contact the nearest test centre to find out about available test dates and to obtain an application form.

Contact details for all IELTS centres worldwide can be found at www.ielts.org. The test centre has Official

IELTS Practice Materials for sale and these can also be bought directly from Cambridge ESOL or IDP.

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Duration and format

The Speaking test takes between 11 and 14 minutes and consists of an oral interview between the candidate and an examiner. All Speaking tests are recorded. The structure of the test is summarised below.

Task types There are three parts to the test and each part fulfils a specific function in terms of interaction pattern, task input and candidate output. In Part 1 candidates answer general questions about

themselves, their homes/families, their jobs/studies, their interests, and a range of familiar topic areas. This part lasts between four and five minutes. In Part 2 the candidate is given a verbal prompt on a card and is

asked to talk on a particular topic. The candidate has one minute to prepare before speaking at length, for between one and two minutes. The examiner then asks one or two rounding-off questions. In Part 3 the examiner and candidate engage in a discussion of more abstract issues and concepts which are thematically linked to the topic prompt in Part 2. The discussion lasts between four and five minutes. Marking and assessment Speaking performances are assessed by certificated IELTS examiners. All IELTS examiners hold relevant teaching qualifications and are recruited as examiners by the test centres and approved by British Council or IDP: IELTS Australia. Detailed performance descriptors have been developed

which describe spoken performance at the nine IELTS bands. Public versions of these descriptors are available on the IELTS website. Fluency and Coherence This criterion refers to the ability to talk with normal levels of continuity, rate and effort and to link ideas and language together to form coherent, connected speech. The key indicators of fluency are speech rate and speech continuity. The key indicators of coherence are logical sequencing of sentences, clear marking of stages in a discussion, narration or argument, and the use of cohesive devices (e.g. connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) within and between sentences. Lexical Resource This criterion refers to the range of vocabulary the candidate can use and the precision with which meanings and attitudes can be expressed. The key indicators are the variety of words used, the adequacy and appropriacy of the words used and the ability to circumlocute (get round a vocabulary gap by using other words) with or without noticeable hesitation.

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General Training Writing
In Task 1 candidates are asked to respond to a given problem with a letter requesting information or explaining a situation.Depending on the task suggested, candidates are assessed on their ability to:
• engage in personal correspondence
• elicit and provide general factual information
• express needs, wants, likes and dislikes
• express opinions (views, complaints etc.)
In Task 2 candidates are presented with a point of view or argument or problem. Candidates are assessed on their ability to:
• provide general factual information
• outline a problem and present a solution
• present and possibly justify an opinion, assessment or
hypothesis
• present and possibly evaluate and challenge ideas, evidence
and argument
The topics are of general interest and it makes no difference what subjects candidates study Marking and assessment Each task is assessed independently. The assessment of Task 2 carries more weight in marking than Task 1. Writing responses are assessed by certificated IELTS examiners. All IELTS examiners hold relevant teaching qualifications and are recruited as examiners by the test centres and approved by
British Council or IDP: IELTS Australia. Detailed performance descriptors have been developed
which describe written performance at the nine IELTS bands. Public versions of these descriptors are available on the IELTS website. The descriptors apply to both the Academic and General
Training Modules and are based on the following criteria. Task 1 responses are assessed on:
• Task Achievement
• Coherence and Cohesion
• Lexical Resource
• Grammatical Range and Accuracy
Task 2 responses are assessed on:
• Task Response
• Coherence and Cohesion
• Lexical Resource
• Grammatical Range and Accuracy

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Duration and format

The Writing test takes 60 minutes. There are two tasks to complete. It is suggested that about 20 minutes is spent on Task 1 which requires candidates to write at least 150 words. Task 2 requires at least 250 words and should take about 40 minutes. Candidates may write on the question paper but this cannot be

taken from the examination room and will not be seen by the Examiner. Answers must be given on the answer sheet and must be written in full. Notes or bullet points in whole or in part are not acceptable as answers. Task types Academic Writing In Task 1 candidates are asked to describe some information

(graph/table/chart/diagram), and to present the description in their own words. Depending on the type of input and the task suggested, candidates are assessed on their ability to:

• organise, present and possibly compare data

• describe the stages of a process or procedure

• describe an object or event or sequence of events

• explain how something works

In Task 2 candidates are presented with a point of view or argument or problem. Candidates are assessed on their ability to:

• present the solution to a problem

• present and justify an opinion

• compare and contrast evidence, opinions and implications

• evaluate and challenge ideas, evidence or an argument

The issues raised are of general interest to, suitable for and easily understood by candidates entering undergraduate or postgraduate studies or seeking professional registration.

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Duration and format

The Reading test takes 60 minutes. There are 40 questions,based on three reading passages with a total of 2,000 to 2,750 words.Texts and questions appear on a question paper which candidates can write on but not remove from the examination room. All answers must be entered on an answer sheet during the

60-minute test. No extra time is allowed for transferring answers. Task types A variety of questions are used, chosen from the following types:

• multiple choice

• short-answer questions

• sentence completion

• note/summary/flow-chart/table completion

• labelling a diagram

• matching headings for identified paragraphs/sections of the text

• identification of writer’s views/claims – yes, no or not given

• identification of information in the text – true, false or not given

• classification

• matching lists/phrases

Academic Reading

Texts are taken from magazines, journals, books, and newspapers. Texts have been written for a non-specialist audience. All the topics are of general interest. They deal with issues which are interesting, recognisably appropriate and accessible to candidates entering undergraduate or postgraduate courses or seeking professional registration. At least one text contains detailed logical argument. Texts may

contain non-verbal materials such as diagrams, graphs or illustrations. If texts contain technical terms then a simple glossary is provided.

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Each candidate takes four tests, one in each of the four skills –Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking.

ListeningDuration and formatThe Listening test takes around 30 minutes. There are 40 questions and four sections.The Listening test is recorded on a CD and is played ONCE only.During the test, time is given for candidates to read thequestions and write down and then check their answers.Answers are written on the question paper as candidates listen.When the recording ends, ten minutes are allowed forcandidates to transfer their answers to an answer sheet.Task typesThe first two sections are concerned with social needs. There is a conversation between two speakers and then a monologue.For example – a conversation about travel arrangements ordecisions on a night out, and a speech about student services on a university campus or arrangements for meals during aconference.The final two sections are concerned with situations related moreclosely to educational or training contexts. There is aconversation between up to four people and then a furthermonologue. For example – a conversation between a tutor and a student about an assignment or between three students planning a research project, and a lecture or talk of general academic interest.

A range of native-speaker English accents are used in the recordings which reflects the international usage of IELTS.

A variety of questions are used, chosen from the following types:

• multiple choice

• short-answer questions

• sentence completion

• note/summary/flow-chart/table completion

• labelling a diagram

• classification

• matching

Marking and assessment

One mark is awarded for each correct answer in the 40-item test. A confidential Band Score conversion table is produced for each version of the Listening test, which translates scores out of 40 into the IELTS 9-band scale. Scores are report

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GMAT MATERIAL-6(READING COMPREHENSION)

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Total score

The total GMAT score ranges from 200 to 800 and measures performance on the quantitative and verbal sections together (performance on the AWA and IR sections do not count toward the total score, those sections are scored separately). Scores are given in increments of 10 (e.g. 540, 550, 560, 570, etc.). From the most recent data released by GMAC, the average GMAT score of all test takers is about a 540. The higher a test taker's score is, the higher their level of ability was on the GMAT. Business schools place their emphasis on the test taker's combined quantitative and verbal score because it is this score that gets reported when the schools publish their class profiles of the students they admit into their program. The higher the school's average GMAT score is, the more selective that school is said to be.

The score distribution resembles a bell curve with a standard deviation of approximately 100 points, meaning that 68% of examinees score between 440 and 640. More precisely, the mean score is 545.6 with a standard deviation of 121.07 points.

The final score is not based solely on the last question the examinee answers (i.e. the level of difficulty of questions reached through the computer adaptive presentation of questions). The algorithm used to build a score is more complicated than that. The examinee can make a mistake and answer incorrectly and the computer will recognize that item as an anomaly. If the examinee misses the first question his score will not necessarily fall in the bottom half of the range.

All scores and cancellations in the past five years will be on a student's score report, a change from the previous policy of the last three scores and cancellations being kept on the score report.

Registration and Preparation

Test takers may register for the GMAT either online at mba.com or by calling one of the test centers. To schedule an exam, an appointment must be made at one of the designated test centers. The GMAT may not be taken more than once within 31 days, even if the scores are canceled. Official GMAT exam study materials are available on the mba.com online store and through third-party vendors. The cost of the exam is US $250.

There are test preparation companies that offer GMAT courses. Many test preparation companies have gone on record stating noteworthy GMAT results, including average or guaranteed score increases over 90 points.Other available test preparation resources include university text books, GMAT preparation books, sample tests, and free web resources.

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Integrated reasoning

Integrated Reasoning (IR) is a relatively new section (introduced in June 2012) designed to measure a test taker’s ability to evaluate data presented in multiple formats from multiple sources. The skills being tested by the integrated reasoning section were identified in a survey of 740 management faculty worldwide as important for today’s incoming students. The integrated reasoning section consists of 12 questions (which often consists of multiple parts themselves) in four different formats: graphics interpretation, two-part analysis, table analysis, and multi-source reasoning. Integrated reasoning scores range from 1-8. Like the Analytical Writing Assessment (AWA), this section is scored separately from the quantitative and verbal section. Performance on the IR and AWA sections do not contribute to the total GMAT score.

The integrated reasoning section includes four question types: table analysis, graphics interpretation, multi-source reasoning, and two-part analysis. In the table analysis section, test takers are presented with a sortable table of information, similar to a spreadsheet, which has to be analyzed. Each question will have several statements with opposite-answer options (e.g., true/false, yes/no), and test takers click on the correct option. Graphics interpretation questions ask test takers to interpret a graph or graphical image. Each question has fill-in-the-blank statements with pull-down menus; test takers must choose the options that make the statements accurate. Multi-source reasoning questions are accompanied by two to three sources of information presented on tabbed pages. Test takers click on the tabs and examine all the relevant information, which may be a combination of text, charts, and tables to answer either traditional multiple-choice or opposite-answer (e.g., yes/no, true/false) questions. Two-part analysis questions involve two components for a solution. Possible answers are given in a table format with a column for each component and rows with possible options. Test takers have to choose one response per column.

Quantitative section

The quantitative section of the GMAT measures the ability to reason quantitatively, solve quantitative problems, interpret graphic data, and analyze and use information given in a problem. The use of calculators is not allowed on the quantitative section of the GMAT. Test takers must do their math work out by hand using a wet erase pen and laminated graph paper which are given to them at the testing center. Questions require knowledge of topics such as arithmetic, algebra, and geometry. There are two types of quantitative questions: problem solving and data sufficiency. Scores range from 0 to 60, although they only report scores between 11 and 51.

Problem solving questions are designed to test the ability to reason quantitatively and solve quantitative problems. Data sufficiency is a unique question type that appears on the GMAT and is designed to measure the ability to understand and analyze a quantitative problem, recognize what information is relevant or irrelevant and determine at what point there is enough information to solve a problem or recognize the fact that there is insufficient information given to solve a particular problem.

Verbal section

The verbal section of the GMAT Exam measures the test taker's ability to read and comprehend written material, reason and evaluate arguments and correct written material to express ideas effectively in standard written English. The question types are reading comprehension, critical reasoning, and sentence correction questions. Scores range from 0 to 60, although they only report scores between 11 and 51.

Reading comprehension passages can be anywhere from one paragraph to several paragraphs long. Reading passages contain material from subject areas like social sciences, history, physical sciences, and business-related areas (marketing, economics, human resource management, etc.). Reading comprehension passages are accompanied by interpretive, applied, and inference questions. This section measures the following abilities:

Understanding words and statements in reading passages
Understanding the logical relationships between significant points and concepts in the reading passages
Drawing inferences from facts and statements in the reading passages
Understanding and following the development of quantitative concepts as they are presented in verbal material
Understanding the author's point of view and their proposed arguments

Critical reasoning questions are designed to test the reasoning skills involved in making arguments, evaluating arguments, and formulating or evaluating a plan of action. Questions are based on materials from a variety of sources. This section measures the following abilities:

Argument construction
Argument evaluation
Formulating and evaluating a plan of action

Sentence Correction questions ask the test taker to determine if there is a mistake with a given sentence and if so, to determine the best way in which the sentence should be written.

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The GMAT exam consists of four sections: An analytical writing assessment, integrated reasoning, the quantitative section, and the verbal section. Total testing time is three and a half hours, but test takers should plan for a total time of approximately four hours, with breaks. Test takers have 30 minutes for the analytical writing assessment and another 30 minutes to work through 12 questions, which often have multiple parts, on the integrated reasoning section and are given 75 minutes to work through 37 questions in the quantitative section and another 75 minutes to get through 41 questions in the verbal section.

Section	Duration in minutes	Number of questions
Analytical writing assessment	30	N/A
Integrated reasoning	30	12
Quantitative	75	37
Verbal	75	41

The quantitative and verbal sections of the GMAT exam are both multiple-choice and are administered in the computer-adaptive format, adjusting to a test taker’s level of ability. At the start of the quantitative and verbal sections, test takers are presented with a question of average difficulty. As questions are answered correctly, the computer presents the test taker with increasingly difficult questions and as questions are answered incorrectly the computer presents the test taker with questions of decreasing difficulty. This process continues until test takers complete each section, at which point the computer will have an accurate assessment of their ability level in that subject area and come up with a raw score for each section.

Analytical Writing Assessment (AWA)

The AWA consists of one 30-minute writing task—analysis of an argument. It is important to be able to analyze the reasoning behind a given argument and write a critique of that argument. The essay will be given two independent ratings and these ratings are averaged together to determine the test taker's AWA score. One rating is given by a computerized reading evaluation and another is given by a person at GMAC who will read and score the essay themselves without knowledge of what the computerized score was. The automated essay-scoring engine is an electronic system that evaluates more than 50 structural and linguistic features, including organization of ideas, syntactic variety, and topical analysis. If the two ratings differ by more than one point, another evaluation by an expert reader is required to resolve the discrepancy and determine the final score.

The analytical writing assessment is graded on a scale of 1 (the minimum) to 6 (the maximum) in half-point intervals (a score of zero means the answer was gibberish or obviously not written on the assigned topic or the test taker failed to write anything at all on the AWA).

Essay score	Description
1	An essay that is deficient.
2	An essay that is flawed.
3	An essay that is limited.
4	An essay that is adequate.
5	An essay that is strong.
6	An essay that is outstanding.

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All scores and cancellations in the past five years will be on a student's score report, a change from the previous policy of the last three scores and cancellations being kept on the score report.

Registration and Preparation

Test takers may register for the GMAT either online at mba.com or by calling one of the test centers.To schedule an exam, an appointment must be made at one of the designated test centers. The GMAT may not be taken more than once within 31 days, even if the scores are canceled. Official GMAT exam study materials are available on the mba.com online store and through third-party vendors. The cost of the exam is US $250.

There are test preparation companies that offer GMAT courses. Many test preparation companies have gone on record stating noteworthy GMAT results, including average or guaranteed score increases over 90 points. Other available test preparation resources include university text books, GMAT preparation books, sample tests, and free web resources.

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Integrated reasoning

Quantitative section

Verbal section

Understanding words and statements in reading passages
Understanding the logical relationships between significant points and concepts in the reading passages
Drawing inferences from facts and statements in the reading passages
Understanding and following the development of quantitative concepts as they are presented in verbal material
Understanding the author's point of view and their proposed arguments

Argument construction
Argument evaluation
Formulating and evaluating a plan of action

Sentence Correction questions ask the test taker to determine if there is a mistake with a given sentence and if so, to determine the best way in which the sentence should be written

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The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT ) is a computer adaptive test (CAT) which seeks to assess a person's analytical, writing, quantitative, verbal, and reading skills in standard written English in preparation for being admitted into a graduate management program, such as an MBA. The GMAT does not measure business knowledge or skill. Nor does it measure intelligence. The GMAT is simply a test of how well one takes the GMAT. According to the test owning company, the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC), the GMAT assesses analytical writing and problem-solving abilities, while also addressing data sufficiency, logic, and critical reasoning skills that it believes to be vital to real-world business and management success. GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admission Council. More than 5,900 programs offered by more than 2,100 universities and institutions use the GMAT exam as part of the selection criteria for their programs. Business schoolsuse the test as a criterion for admission into a wide range of graduate management programs, including MBA, Master of Accountancy, and Master of Finance programs. The GMAT exam is administered in standardized test centers in 112 countries around the world.On June 5, 2012, GMAC introduced an integrated reasoning section to the exam that is designed to measure a test taker’s ability to evaluate data presented in new formats and multiple sources. According to GMAC, it has continually performed validity studies to statistically verify that the exam predicts success in business school programs. According to a survey conducted by Kaplan Test Prep, the GMAT is still the number one choice for MBA aspirants despite the increasing acceptability of GRE scores.

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Test of English as a Foreign Language or TOEFL , is a standardised test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers wishing to enroll in U.S. universities. The test is accepted by many English-speakingacademic and professional institutions. TOEFL is one of the two major English-language tests in the world, the other being theIELTS.

TOEFL is a trademark of ETS (Educational Testing Service), a private non-profit organisation, which designs and administers the tests. The scores are valid for two years; then they are no longer reported,

Since its introduction in late 2005, the TOEFL Internet-based Test (iBT) format has progressively replaced the computer-based tests (CBT) and paper-based tests (PBT), although paper-based testing is still used in select areas. The TOEFL iBT test has been introduced in phases, with the United States, Canada, France, Germany, and Italy in 2005 and the rest of the world in 2006, with test centers added regularly. The CBT was discontinued in September 2006 and these scores are no longer valid.

Initially, the demand for test seats was higher than availability, and candidates had to wait for months. It is now possible to take the test within one to four weeks in most countries.The four-hour test consists of four sections, each measuring one of the basic language skills (while some tasks require integrating multiple skills), and all tasks focus on language used in an academic, higher-education environment. Note-taking is allowed during the TOEFL iBT test. The test cannot be taken more than once every 12 days.

Reading
The Reading section consists of questions on 4–6 passages, each approximately 700 words in length. The passages are on academic topics; they are the kind of material that might be found in an undergraduate university textbook. Passages require understanding of rhetorical functions such as cause-effect, compare-contrast and argumentation. Students answer questions about main ideas, details, inferences, essential information, sentence insertion, vocabulary, rhetorical purpose and overall ideas. New types of questions in the TOEFL iBT test require filling out tables or completing summaries. Prior knowledge of the subject under discussion is not necessary to come to the correct answer.
Listening
The Listening section consists of questions on six passages, each 3–5 minutes in length. These passages include two student conversations and four academic lectures or discussions. The conversations involve a student and either a professor or a campus service provider. The lectures are a self-contained portion of an academic lecture, which may involve student participation and does not assume specialized background knowledge in the subject area. Each conversation and lecture passage is heard only once. Test-takers may take notes while they listen and they may refer to their notes when they answer the questions. Each conversation is associated with five questions and each lecture with six. The questions are meant to measure the ability to understand main ideas, important details, implications, relationships between ideas, organization of information, speaker purpose and speaker attitude.
Speaking
The Speaking section consists of six tasks: two independent and four integrated. In the two independent tasks, test-takers answer opinion questions on familiar topics. They are evaluated on their ability to speak spontaneously and convey their ideas clearly and coherently. In two of the integrated tasks, test-takers read a short passage, listen to an academic course lecture or a conversation about campus life and answer a question by combining appropriate information from the text and the talk. In the two remaining integrated tasks, test-takers listen to an academic course lecture or a conversation about campus life and then respond to a question about what they heard. In the integrated tasks, test-takers are evaluated on their ability to appropriately synthesize and effectively convey information from the reading and listening material. Test-takers may take notes as they read and listen and may use their notes to help prepare their responses. Test-takers are given a short preparation time before they have to begin speaking. The responses are digitally recorded, sent to ETS’s Online Scoring Network (OSN), and evaluated by three to six raters.
Writing
The Writing section measures a test taker's ability to write in an academic setting and consists of two tasks: one integrated and one independent. In the integrated task, test-takers read a passage on an academic topic and then listen to a speaker discuss it. The test-taker then writes a summary about the important points in the listening passage and explains how these relate to the key points of the reading passage. In the independent task, the test-taker must write an essay that states their opinion or choice, and then explain it, rather than simply listing personal preferences or choices. Responses are sent to the ETS OSN and evaluated by at least 3 different raters.

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IELTS MATERIAL-9

IELTS MATERIAL-8(CAMBRIDGE)

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GMAT MATERIAL-6(READING COMPREHENSION)

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GMAT MATERIAL-5(NUMBER PROPERTIES)

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GMAT MATERIAL-4(GEOMETRY)

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